The present edition has been updated with the addition of more and latest available material. An attempt has been made to provide up to date information in reference to current sociological context. Questions have been framed at the end of each chapter to aid the students in reviewing the content, recalling the facts and preparing for examinations. Chapter 29 Population and Chapter 41 Major Social Problems have been completely updated based on todays social scenario. This book is specially designed for the students of BA, MA, BSc Nursing, GNM, UPSC, PCS and other Competitive Examinations.